Test anxiety: historical developments and main current contributions for treatment

In this paper, a wide review of topic of test anxiety as well as its relationship to performance is delineated, highlighting both historical developments and main current contributions along this century. From an applied point of view, authors focus on the current study of the treatment of test anxiety, pointing out the high efficacy of the cognitive-behavioral programs and describing two treatment programs whose main aims are to reduce test anxiety and increase performance. Finally, some reflections about the importance of this field and the necessity of a more fruitful relationship between basic and applied reaearch, are proposed.