Relationships between stress, tobacco and panic disorder

Numerous studies have shown, on the one hand, the existing relationship between high levels of stress and the onset of or increase in tobacco use and, on the other hand, a direct causal relationship between long term nicotine use and the future onset of panic disorder. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the scientific literature published on the relationship between stress and anxiety and the onset and maintenance of tobacco use in adolescent and adult populations, as well as the negative effects that prolonged smoking can have on the onset of panic disorder. There is evidence of a positive relationship between high levels of stress and the onset of or increase in tobacco use, which in turn multiplies (there is more evidence in this sense) the risk of developing panic disorder in the long term. As a conclusion, tobacco use constitutes a serious risk for mental health, especially in the case of panic disorder. Special importance is given to the development of new and better tobacco prevention and cessation treatments especially designed for those people suffering from high levels of stress and anxiety.