Treatment procedures in agoraphobia

In vivo exposition is considered a basic component in the treatment of agoraphobia. Because of that, those researched variables which can affect its efficacy are analysed: duration, gradation, pace, possibility of escape, frequency, level of anxiety, involvement, use of groups, participation of therapist, therapeutic relationship and expectancies. However, the efficacy of in vivo exposition is insufficient; because of that, other techniques which can strenghten it are taken into account: imaginal exposition, feedback, reinforcement, collaboration of significant others, assertiveness training, controlled breathing, applied relaxation, cognitive techniques, paradoxical intention and interoceptive exposition. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of pharmacological treatment of agoraphobia are considered beside psychological treatment.