The process of relaxation: Antecedent, mediator and consequent aspect of tension-release, respiration control and suggestion-based procedures

The aim of this paper is to present relaxation as a complex learning process which includes several antecedent, mediator and consequent variables to be addressed when relaxation techniques are used in reducing and controlling anxiety reactions. Among antecedent variables it should be included: (a) the use of directive versus non-directive instructions, and (b) most commonly used relaxation strategies such as tensionrelease procedures, respiration control procedures and suggestion-based procedures. Among mediators, several within-subject moderator variables in the process of relaxation are considered: expectancy, Locus of Control and suggestibility. Finally, among consequents, the controversy of the unitary versus the specific effects of relaxation is considered, highlighting that although almost all relaxation techniques elicits the so called "relaxation response" (Benson, 1976), some strategies are more effective than others as a function of whether they are more cognitively or physiologically- oriented.